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The IUP Journal of English Studies 
Focus

December is here. You know it is the twelfth and final month of the Gregorian
calendar—a month that marks the end of autumn and the start of winter. It is the month of winter solstice, which for those in the northern hemisphere and elsewhere translates into delayed dawn, premature sunset, short day, and long night. No wonder John Keats called it the “drear-nighted December.”

As the earth awakens each morning to the cold touch of icy winter to see herself covered in snow tinted with fresh-quilted tones of dawn, you feel like staying indoors all day long curled up on your snug bed under your cozy blanket, basking in the balminess of its warmth. But then duty calls, and you know you cannot afford to stay infinitely ensconced on your bed. You plunge wearily into the bittersweet cold day dragging your numbed body and clumsed spirit through the fog-dimmed light to pursue your dreary daily chore of chasing distant mirages.

But then, December is also a month that you associate with festivities and holidays and festoons and decorations. The month brings to your mind’s eye vibrant and cerulean images of tanzanite, turquoise, zircon, and lapis lazuli, the month’s birthstones; of holly, mistletoe, narcissus, and poinsettia, its traditional flowers; and of Winter Solstice, Hanukkah, Christmas, and New Year’s Eve, its festivals and celebrations.

December, you recollect, derives its name from the Latin word decem, meaning ten, as December happened to be the tenth month of the ancient Roman calendar. Decem again is believed to have derived from Decima, the middle goddess of the Parcae, or the Fates, the goddesses of destiny. While Nona spins the thread of life from her distaff onto her spindle, Decima measures the thread of life with her rod, and Morta cuts the thread of life and chooses the manner of a person’s death.

Of the three, Decima is revered as the goddess of childbirth. Thus, the longest and darkest night of winter solstice in December, you reason, is also a metaphor for rebirth and renewal that must follow death and despair. Decima is also considered the personification of the present. December then is also about the present—about the here and now.

The darkness of the winter solstice, you muse, is also a time for contemplation—to turn inward, to dive into the depths of the unknown, into the unconscious, in search of meaning, in quest of light.

December. You know it is that time of the year again—a time when you take a long walk down the memory lane, rewinding the year that was. As you traverse the trodden path, you take note of the milestones you crossed and the millstones that slowed your progress. You think of the opportunities that you grabbed with surprising alacrity and the ones that you squandered with annoying regularity.

You remember with a certain glow in your heart the wonderful moments that have left an indelible mark on your consciousness—moments that you know you would treasure forever. You feel the pangs of pain when you recall the saddest moments—moments that you barely managed to scrape through and lived to tell the tale.

You think of the heights that you touched and the lows that you hit. You pat yourself on your back for proving a point or two to the world and to yourself. You take a thoughtful look at those few missed opportunities that could have been translated into tales of success. You pause for a while and take a deep breath. Then, you fast-forward your thoughts to the present.

Back in the present, you recall the words of P B Shelley: “We look before and after, and pine for what is not.” You smile to yourself. You know that you looked before and after only to draw your lessons, strength, and inspiration.

You know that Oliver Goldsmith once wrote, “I love everything that’s old: old friends, old times, old manners, old books, old wine.” However, you would rather go with Alfred Tennyson now: “The old order changeth yielding place to new.” You also love everything that’s new: new friends, new times, new manners, new books, and, of course, New Year.

The newness of the year ahead conjures up images of untouched peaks and uncharted expanse. The freshness of the untried attracts you. You are also wary of its unfamiliarity, its vicissitudes. You want to take comfort in the familiarity of the old year. However, you find yourself dreaming about the singular surprises and pristine promises that the New Year may have in store.

You take a relook at the lessons of the past, the gift of the present, and the possibilities of the future. You make a list of promises to yourself. You call them your New Year’s resolutions.

You know that infinite are the horizons to the aspiring souls. You aspire to reach for the stars. You are not worried about reaching there. You know that it is the journey that matters. You perch yourself on the threshold of Time that divides years. You spread your wings. You take off. You soar. Nothing matters now.

R Venkatesan Iyengar
Consulting Editor

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Automated Teller Machines (ATMs): The Changing Face of Banking in India

Bank Management
Information and communication technology has changed the way in which banks provide services to its customers. These days the customers are able to perform their routine banking transactions without even entering the bank premises. ATM is one such development in recent years, which provides remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the development of this self-service banking in India based on the secondary data.

The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is playing a very important role in the progress and advancement in almost all walks of life. The deregulated environment has provided an opportunity to restructure the means and methods of delivery of services in many areas, including the banking sector. The ICT has been a focused issue in the past two decades in Indian banking. In fact, ICTs are enabling the banks to change the way in which they are functioning. Improved customer service has become very important for the very survival and growth of banking sector in the reforms era. The technological advancements, deregulations, and intense competition due to the entry of private sector and foreign banks have altered the face of banking from one of mere intermediation to one of provider of quick, efficient and customer-friendly services. With the introduction and adoption of ICT in the banking sector, the customers are fast moving away from the traditional branch banking system to the convenient and comfort of virtual banking. The most important virtual banking services are phone banking, mobile banking, Internet banking and ATM banking. These electronic channels have enhanced the delivery of banking services accurately and efficiently to the customers. The ATMs are an important part of a bank’s alternative channel to reach the customers, to showcase products and services and to create brand awareness. This is reflected in the increase in the number of ATMs all over the world. ATM is one of the most widely used remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the growth of ATMs of different bank groups in India.
International Scenario

If ATMs are largely available over geographically dispersed areas, the benefit from using an ATM will increase as customers will be able to access their bank accounts from any geographic location. This would imply that the value of an ATM network increases with the number of available ATM locations, and the value of a bank network to a customer will be determined in part by the final network size of the banking system. The statistical information on the growth of branches and ATM network in select countries.

Indian Scenario

The financial services industry in India has witnessed a phenomenal growth, diversification and specialization since the initiation of financial sector reforms in 1991. Greater customer orientation is the only way to retain customer loyalty and withstand competition in the liberalized world. In a market-driven strategy of development, customer preference is of paramount importance in any economy. Gone are the days when customers used to come to the doorsteps of banks. Now the banks are required to chase the customers; only those banks which are customercentric and extremely focused on the needs of their clients can succeed in their business today.

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English Studies